Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious neurological disease that affects horses. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis neurona. This parasite can be transmitted to horses through opossums, which are the primary carriers of the parasite. EPM can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms, including weakness, incoordination, paralysis, and even death.
What are EPM Meds?
EPM meds are medications used to treat horses with EPM. The most common EPM meds are antiprotozoal drugs, which work by killing the Sarcocystis neurona parasite. These drugs are typically given orally or intravenously and are often administered for several months.
Common Types of EPM Meds
Here are some of the most common types of EPM meds:
- Marquis (ponazuril): This is the most commonly used EPM med. It is available in an oral paste form and is given once a day for 28 days.
- Diclazuril: This drug is also available in an oral paste form and is given once a day for 28 days.
- Trimethoprim-sulfa: This combination drug is effective against Sarcocystis neurona and is often used in conjunction with other EPM meds.
- Pyrimethamine: This drug is often used in combination with sulfa drugs to treat EPM.
- Clindamycin: This antibiotic is effective against some bacterial infections that can occur alongside EPM.
How EPM Meds Work
EPM meds work by targeting the Sarcocystis neurona parasite and preventing it from multiplying. This helps to control the infection and reduce the severity of the neurological symptoms.
When to Use EPM Meds
EPM meds should only be used under the guidance of a veterinarian. If you suspect your horse may have EPM, it is important to have them examined by a veterinarian as soon as possible. The vet will likely recommend diagnostic tests, such as a blood test or cerebrospinal fluid analysis, to confirm the diagnosis.
Potential Side Effects of EPM Meds
While EPM meds are generally safe and effective, there is a possibility of side effects. Some common side effects include:
- Gastrointestinal upset: This can include diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.
- Liver problems: Some EPM meds can cause liver damage, especially if they are used for long periods.
- Bone marrow suppression: This can lead to a decrease in the number of white blood cells, making the horse more susceptible to infections.
Tips for Using EPM Meds Effectively
- Follow your veterinarian’s instructions carefully.
- Administer the medication as directed.
- Store the medication properly.
- Monitor your horse for any side effects.
- Continue the treatment for the full course.
What Can I Do To Prevent My Horse From Getting EPM?
There is no foolproof way to prevent EPM, but there are steps you can take to reduce the risk:
- Minimize contact with opossums. Keep opossums away from your horse’s food and water.
- Keep your horse’s pasture clean and well-maintained.
- Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands thoroughly after handling horses and opossums.
EPM Meds FAQ
Q: How long does it take for EPM meds to work?
A: It can take several weeks to months for EPM meds to show improvement. The length of treatment will vary depending on the severity of the infection and the horse’s response to medication.
Q: What are the long-term effects of EPM meds?
A: The long-term effects of EPM meds are not well-understood. However, with careful monitoring and follow-up, most horses can recover from EPM and live normal lives.
Q: Can EPM be cured?
A: There is no cure for EPM, but with proper treatment, many horses can recover and lead normal lives.
Q: Is there a vaccine for EPM?
A: There is currently no vaccine available to prevent EPM.
Q: How much do EPM meds cost?
A: The cost of EPM meds can vary depending on the type of medication, the dosage, and the duration of treatment. Talk to your veterinarian for a price quote.
Q: What should I do if my horse is showing signs of EPM?
A: Contact your veterinarian immediately. They will be able to diagnose and treat your horse, if necessary.
Q: What are some common signs of EPM?
A: Common signs of EPM include muscle weakness, incoordination, difficulty walking, head tilt, and loss of appetite.
Q: Are there any home remedies for EPM?
A: There are no proven home remedies for EPM. It is important to consult with a veterinarian for the best course of treatment.
Additional Resources
For more information on EPM, visit the following websites:
- The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP): [link to AAEP website]
- The Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis Society (EPMS): [link to EPMS website]
- The University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory: [link to UKVDL website]
Conclusion
EPM is a serious condition that can affect horses of all ages and breeds. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and treatment with EPM meds can significantly improve a horse’s chances of recovery. If you are concerned that your horse may have EPM, contact your veterinarian immediately for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
If you need further assistance or have more questions, please contact us at Justus Horses USA. We are dedicated to helping you care for your horses and provide the best possible care.